C8H18(l)+252O2(g)→8CO2(g)+9H2O(l)△H=-5518KJ/mol:2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l)△H=-571.6/mol:6
【解答】解:(1)5.7g汽油(主要成分为C8H18,相对分子质量为114)物质的量=5.7g114g/mol=0.05mol;完全燃烧生成液态水和CO2,放出275.9KJ的热量,则1mol汽油完全燃烧放热=275.9KJ0.05=5518KJ;依据燃烧热概念计算书写热化学方程式:C8H18(l)+252O2(g)→8CO2(g)+9H2O(l)△H=-5518KJ/mol,
故答案为:C8H18(l)+252O2(g)→8CO2(g)+9H2O(l)△H=-5518KJ/mol;
(2)①2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g)△H=-483.6KJ/mol;②H2O(l)=H2O(g)△H=+44KJ/mol,依据盖斯定律①-②×2得到:2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l)△H=-571.6KJ/mol;
在通常情况下,若要得到857.4KJ的热量,需要氢气物质的量为X则:
2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l)△H=-571.6KJ/mol;
2mol 571.6KJ
X 857.4KJ
解得X=3mol,需H2的质量=3mol×2g/mol=6g,
故答案为:2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l)△H=-571.6/mol;6.